Frequently Asked Questions

The range includes vertical and horizontal stationary tanks as well as transportable equipment. The final configuration is selected according to the medium, required capacity, pressure, site arrangement and transport requirements. Each tank is a double-walled, vacuum-insulated pressure vessel with an austenitic stainless steel inner vessel and a carbon steel outer jacket, insulated with perlite or super insulation in the vacuum space. Cold-stretched inner vessels are used on medium- and high-pressure models.

Stationary tanks are designed to EN 13458 and, where required ASME Section VIII Division 1, in compliance with the EU Pressure Equipment Directive (2014/68/EU). Transportable equipment is designed to EN 13530, with ADR/TPED compliance applied for road transport.

Inner vessels intended for LOX service are cleaned and prepared in accordance with EN 12300 to remove hydrocarbon residues prior to commissioning.

Each tank is fitted with a flow-diverter valve and dual pressure relief valves as standard, with provisions for level and pressure transmitters and remote telemetry where specified.

Stationary storage capacities are available up to 1,000 m³ with MAWP options from 3 to 37 bar. Standard transportable capacities range from 5 to 56 m³. The exact combination is confirmed for the project.

The medium is defined at the specification stage and the tank configuration, pressure rating, insulation arrangement and connections are selected accordingly.

Yes. 20 ft and 40 ft ISO container configurations can be provided for road, rail or sea transport, with vacuum-jacketed piping and cryogenic valves fitted to minimize in-transit boil-off. ADR/TPED compliance is applied to transport configurations where required.

The main starting points are the medium, required capacity, MAWP or operating pressure, stationary or transportable requirement, preferred orientation, oxygen-service requirement where applicable, and destination or applicable project standard.

Both maintain the tank at LCO2's design pressure and temperature, but the construction differs: vacuum-insulated tanks use a perlite-filled vacuum space, while PUR/PIR-insulated tanks use expanded polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam protected by a stainless steel or aluminum weatherproof cladding. Selection depends on storage duty, ambient conditions and project preference.

LCO2 is held close to its saturation pressure rather than behaving as a simple boil-off cryogen. A refrigeration unit condenses the vapor generated by heat ingress to keep the tank at its design pressure and temperature. This applies to both vacuum-insulated and PUR/PIR-insulated tanks.

Standard and custom storage capacities are available up to 400 m³, with MAWP options up to 24 bar. The final capacity and pressure rating are selected for the specific project.

Yes. Carbon steel and stainless steel inner vessel options are available, subject to the required equipment configuration and project specification.

The range includes LCO2 semi-trailers, truck-mounted tankers and 20 ft ISO container options. Vacuum-insulated and PUR/PIR-insulated transport configurations can be considered.

Yes. Pump packages, flowmeters, instrumentation and telemetry can be incorporated as project options, including a pressure-building vaporizer where withdrawal pressure needs to be maintained.

Depending on the project, the scope can include vacuum-insulated storage tanks, semi-trailers, ISO tank containers, transfer equipment and regasification equipment for satellite plant or virtual pipeline applications.

Vertical and horizontal vacuum-insulated pressure vessels are available, with a stainless steel inner vessel and perlite insulation. Capacity, pressure and connection arrangements are selected according to project requirements.

Standard MAWP options range from 5 to 10 bar, designed to EN 13458 and the EU Pressure Equipment Directive (2014/68/EU). The final design pressure is confirmed for the intended equipment and project.

Boil-off gas is routed through an economizer circuit from the top of the tank back into the downstream system rather than being vented, reducing product loss and operating cost during standing storage.

Each tank is fitted with dual pressure relief valves and rupture discs via a diverter valve as standard.

Yes. LNG solutions can combine storage, transfer and regasification equipment, particularly for satellite plants and virtual pipeline applications. The exact scope is defined from the project requirements.

Standard LNG semi-trailer capacities include 50, 52 and 56 m³. 20 ft and 40 ft ISO container options are also available.

Aboveground and underground storage tank options are available, together with domestic, autogas and skid tank configurations. The arrangement is selected according to the application and site requirements.

Stationary tanks up to 13 m³ are designed to EN 12542; larger and project-specific tanks are designed to EN 13445 and the EU Pressure Equipment Directive (2014/68/EU). AD 2000, ASME, CODAP and BS 5500 can be applied where required by the project or destination.

Standard stationary capacities range from 5 to 300 m³. Project-specific requirements can be reviewed separately.

Transportable LPG equipment is available in the 34 to 76 m³ capacity range.

Tanks are sand-blasted and coated with a primer, undercoat and top-coat system, with the specification selected according to aboveground or underground/buried installation.

Weld joints are checked using radiographic, ultrasonic, dye penetrant and magnetic particle testing, and each tank undergoes a hydrostatic pressure test with connections leak-tested using nitrogen. And a lot more…

Yes. Project-specific piping and equipment layouts are part of the available scope and are defined according to the installation requirements.

The range supports LPG storage, transportation and distribution for domestic, commercial, autogas, industrial and related applications.

Two arrangements are available: fin-tube vaporizers, which use natural convection between ambient air and the cold pipe, and fan-assisted vaporizers, where an electric fan forces air through the tube bundle. Neither type requires external energy for the vaporization process itself.

Capacity is available up to 6,000 Nm³/h in a single unit. The required capacity is selected from the process and operational duty.

Ambient vaporizer designs are available for working pressures up to 600 bar, depending on the project configuration.

Aluminum star-fin construction is used for lower-pressure, higher-flow duties; stainless-steel tube bundles are applied for higher-pressure or CO2 service. Material selection is defined according to the process and operating requirements.Surfaces intended for oxygen service are cleaned accordingly.

Available design references include AD 2000, ASME Section VIII Division 1 and the EU Pressure Equipment Directive. Seismic design can be provided to the requirements of the destination site.

Ambient vaporizers accumulate frost and ice on the tube surface during operation, as moisture in the surrounding air condenses and freezes against the cold tube. Running time before defrosting is therefore limited, and performance can be reduced during extended periods of severe cold or high humidity.

Yes. Units can be arranged in banks operating in series or parallel where the required flow exceeds the capacity of a single module.

The range includes process vessels, air and gas receivers, refrigerant tanks, API storage tanks, spherical tanks and custom-designed vessels.

Vessels operating above 0.5 bar(g) are typically designed to ASME Section VIII Division 1 or EN 13445; atmospheric and low-pressure bulk storage tanks are designed to API 650 or API 620. The applicable code is confirmed from the operating pressure, service and destination.

Yes. Capacity and pressure are defined per project together with design temperature, material selection and the required vessel configuration.

Vertical, horizontal and spherical configurations are available, with carbon steel and stainless-steel options depending on the application. Spherical tanks, typically used for large-volume storage of propane, butane, LPG and similar liquefied gases, are designed to AD 2000 Merkblatt or ASME (U/U2 stamp) as applicable.

Yes. Nozzle arrangements, instrumentation provisions and surface or coating requirements can be defined according to the project specification.

The applicable design code and required documentation are confirmed for the specific project and destination. Recognized pressure-equipment design codes and project-specific certification requirements can be addressed according to the agreed scope.

Third-party inspection and stamping requirements, ASME U-stamp can be coordinated as part of the project scope where required by the destination or specification. All manufacturing stages is under inspection of TUV Austria.

Engineering services include process design (PFDs, thermal and mechanical calculations, piping stress analysis), system integration, 3D modeling and layout, project management, installation support and documentation.

Engineering support can begin during concept and specification development and continue through equipment configuration, project coordination and installation support, depending on the agreed scope.

Yes. Technical support can be defined around the equipment or package involved in the project rather than requiring a full-facility scope.

Yes. Documentation is included within the engineering scope and can extend to piping isometrics, material lists and support books, provided according to the requirements agreed for the project.

Yes. Depending on the agreed scope, engineering support can extend to supervision of installation and assembly, and commissioning and start-up support at site.

Medium, required capacity or flow, pressure, site constraints, existing layouts or drawings and the applicable project standards are useful starting points for defining the equipment scope.

Available categories include cryogenic globe, excess-flow and check valves, pressure-building and economizer regulators, safety relief valves and rupture discs, flowmeters, content gauges, transfer pumps, vacuum-jacketed hoses, flexible hoses and couplings, loading arms and instrumentation.

The supported equipment range includes cryogenic storage tanks, semi-trailers, ISO containers, truck-mounted tankers, LPG equipment, LCO2 systems, microbulk tanks and vaporizers.

Yes. Spare parts and replacement components can be coordinated with repair, maintenance, refurbishment or upgrade work where they form part of the agreed service scope.

Equipment type, service medium, nameplate or model information, available drawings or part references and photographs of the existing component are useful for identifying the requirement.

It is a combined regulator that maintains tank pressure, either by routing vaporized product back into the tank (pressure-building function) or into the downstream line (economizer function), and is available as a replacement component for compatible tank models.

Separator, accumulation and N-Pentane tanks are manufactured in accordance with EN 13445, ASME (U Stamp) and AD 2000 Code standards, and comply with the EU Pressure Equipment Directive (2014/68/EU, PED).

Size and anchoring are selected according to seismic and wind load calculations carried out in line with the relevant standards, with support and leg design arranged for convenient transportation.

Each tank receives oven-dried, high-quality paint application and is inspected using non-destructive methods such as ultrasonic testing, penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing, in accordance with applicable standards.

In geothermal power generation plants, the heat-loaded fluid from underground resources is directed to the separator tank, where solid particles are removed and the liquid and vapor phases are separated using the flash method.

Accumulation tanks are pressurized liquid storage vessels used to meet interim steam or hot water storage needs in industrial processes, geothermal power plants and hot water usage applications.

N-Pentane tanks store the N-pentane organic working fluid used in binary-cycle (Organic Rankine Cycle, ORC) geothermal units, where heat from the separated brine vaporizes the working fluid to drive a turbine, as well as N-pentane storage for other industrial plant requirements.

Services include inspection and testing, component replacement, repairs, refurbishment and rehab works, modernization and upgrades, vacuum services and on-site or workshop services.

A rising boil-off or evaporation rate is typically the first sign that the insulation vacuum has degraded. The service can include re-evacuating the annular space through the tank's vacuum valve, helium leak detection to locate the source, and replacement of the molecular sieve or getter material where fitted.

The scope is defined after reviewing the equipment condition, operating history, available technical data and the customer's operational requirements. It is therefore set per unit rather than as a fixed package.

Refurbishment can be considered where the condition of the specific equipment makes it a suitable option. The decision is made after assessment and the scope is defined for that unit.

Yes. Maintenance support is not limited to equipment originally supplied by KAF Cryogenics, provided sufficient design data and documentation are available to assess the unit.

No. Technical assessment and service work are separate from formal periodic inspection or re-certification carried out by the authorized body applicable to the installation.

The scope includes storage tanks, transport tanks and semi-trailers, truck-mounted tanks and ISO containers. Availability depends on the market and the specific inquiry.

Equipment in current condition is offered as it is at the time of sourcing. Refurbished equipment has a defined scope of work carried out on that individual unit, and the completed work is described specifically.

No fixed stock level should be assumed. Availability varies by unit and is confirmed at the time of inquiry because individual equipment opportunities change over time.

The boil-off or evaporation rate is a useful general indicator of insulation condition. Where available, the unit's vacuum and inspection history is reviewed alongside its design data.

Yes, where relevant. ADR-approved transportable tanks are subject to a 2.5-year intermediate inspection and a 5-year full periodic inspection including a hydraulic pressure test; the unit's standing against this schedule is confirmed as part of the equipment information.

The medium, required capacity, pressure, insulation type where relevant, stationary or transportable configuration, destination country and any documentation or condition requirements are useful starting points.

Rental categories include cryogenic storage tanks, transportable tanks and trailers and ISO tank containers.

Common scenarios include bridging supply during a customer's own tank maintenance or periodic re-test, standby coverage for unplanned outages, temporary capacity during construction or commissioning, and short-term or seasonal peak demand.

Yes. Long-term rental options are available.

Yes. Capacity and configuration can be selected according to project requirements, subject to current equipment availability.

Yes. Technical support and service can be included and can extend to routine maintenance and coordination of periodic inspection during the rental period, as defined for the individual arrangement.

Yes. Depending on the agreed scope, rental units can be mobilized, positioned and connected to the site's existing piping and instrumentation as part of the arrangement.

Rental availability is confirmed for the specific inquiry together with the required equipment type, capacity, configuration and rental period.